Direct Input Device

Direct Input device enable processed directly by CPU of through this input device beforehand input to external deposit media, so that enable the direct interaction of between wearer with system computer. Direct input appliance can be classified into some faction that is keyboard, pointing device, scanner, censor, and voice recognizer.

• Keyboard

Keyboard is input device which most commonly and a lot of used. Input to appliance input process by typing pass the knob to press of exist in keyboard. Keyboard as a means of direct input, usually consorted with a appearance to present what depressed by keyboard. Keyboard with displayed this represent a terminal.

• Pointing Device

For certain, for example graph making or draw the. Input appliance which is in the form of pointing device for example Mouse, Touch Screen, Light Pen.

1. Mouse
Mouse is pointing device used to arrange the position of cursor in screen. By shifting mouse area which level off for example desk, cursor in screen will shift as according to direction from friction mouse. After cursor take possession of the certain position [is] wanted in screen, you can button exist in mouse for a few need, depended from some program used , for example to choose a screen choice.

2. Touch Screen
Touch Screen is monitor screen to activate the program if certain shares in screen touched by hand. For example screen present some choice to be selected, shares which you select to earn you do touching it.

3. Light pen
With light pen enable the you to touch a dot of screen and computer will read the location. If at your touch screen touch by hand , hence at your light pen touch the screen position with pen. With light pen, position of screen touch will be more precisely and more accurate. This technology a lot of used to make the graph and draw in planning constructively computer.

• Scanner

Input device which is in the form of scanner work by groping in input electronic to be read. appliance of Input scanner can be in the form of the Magnetic Ink Character Recognition ( MICR) And Optical of Data Reader.

• Censor

Censor represent the appliance capable to directly catch the data of physical occurrence. Analogous data collected by appliance sensor and input to incoming changer Analog-To-Analog converter will be processed by computer.

• Voice Recognizer

Voice Recognizer or speech recognizer make the computer understand the said human being command. Voice Recognizer use the microphone to catch voice as input. Although now computer have earned to accept the input voice, but do not all voice of human being comprehensibility by computer.

Categorize Software

Computer will not can do the something without existence of software. Sophisticated technology from hardware will function if certain instruction have been given. The instruction referred as with the software. Software instruction writed by human being to activate the function from hardware of computer.
Computer have some is formed usefulness and attached in it to can to answer to the given instruction. Every hardware which made by a different factory, having characteristic and way of operation which different each other, so that will complicate the somebody to write the software use to activate the hardware, to overcome the mentioned, hence made a software which called by operating system.
Operating System represent the software writed by functioning factory as mediator usher hardware with the software writed by wearer computer. System Operation to arrange all operation from hardware computer, thereby wearer computer needn't have to correlate and understand correct how hardware work. Like for example program computer just to write the command print to present something at screen without having to know how the hardware to do something, because the duty have been conducted by operating system.
Instruction writed by maker program conducted by using a certain programming language. Like have been known that the computer recognize the signal electronic, what is in binary code deputized with the value 1 and 0. And so do instruction ought to writed have to in the form of understandable binary number so that by computer. However this matter is difficult very and will make the frustration of the maker program (programmer). To overcome this matter, hence instruction can be made with a certain programming language and translated to machine language understood by computer with a software which called by language software.
Intention from system of data processing is to finish a certain problem, that is by existing to process data by using a program writed by programming computer. Program writed programming computer to solve a certain problem by using programming language referred as with the application software.
Thereby software can be categorized into three shares :

1. Operating System, namely program writed to control and coordinate the activity from system computer.
2. Language software, namely program used to translate the instruction which written in programming language to understandable machine so that by computer.
3. Application software, namely program writed and translated by language software to finish a certain application.

Term of system software concerning second of first category, that is operating system software and language software.

Topology Network

WAN and LAN can the in form of simplest, that is star network, hierarchical tree network, loop network, ring network, bus network, web network until most complex, that is meta network (network from a network). Form of the network that is with the topology term.

• STAR NETWORK

Some node connected with a central node or host node that have the shape of network as form star. All communications handled and arranged and arranged direct by central node. Central Node to do something all responsibility to arrange the information current of among node the other. If node which is one wishing to communicate with the node the other , hence have to go through central node. Central Node usually in the form of large computer or mainframe computer which to connected with other node, which form of some mini computer or micro computer to through a link.

• HIERARCHICAL TREE NETWORK

From by name, this network have the shape of tree, which consisted of central node attributed to node the other. Central Node usually in the form of large computer or mainframe computer as host computer which to constitute top hierarchical and have function to control the node which can in the form of mini computer or micro computer.

• LOOP NETWORK

Loop Network is link between node serially in the form of a circle be closed. In the form of this nothing central node or host node, all having same status.

• BUS NETWORK

This form of connecting some node in data flow. Each node can to do something the operation duty which different each other. As does at loop network, nothing central node and all node have the same status.

• RING NETWORK

This form of representing merger form the loop network and bus network. If one of node do not function or destroy , hence will not influence the other communications node because separated from data flow. This matter differ from the loop network, if one of destroyed node, hence will influence the node the other.

• WEB NETWORK

Web network or mesh network or completely connected network is the form network which is each node in network can connect with node other to through some link.

Central Processing Unit

CPU ( central processing unit) is place process the instruction program. At micro computer, this processor namely as microprocessor. CPU consisted of two bodywork. That is control unit and ALU(arithmetic and logic unit). Beside two the bodywork, CPU have some savings which small size and namely is register.

• Control Unit

This shares undertake to arrange and control all equipments of exist in system computer. Control Unit arrange when input appliance accept the data and when data appliance processed and also when presented at appliance output. Control Unit interpret the instruction from program computer, to bring data from input appliance to main memory, taking data from main memory to be processed. If there are any instruction for the calculation of arithmetic or logic comparison, control unit send the instruction to arithmetic and logic unit. Result from this data processing brought by control unit to main memory again to be kept.

Become the duty from control unit that is :

• Arranging and controlling appliance of input and output.

• Taking instruction from main memory.

• Taking data from main memory when needed by process.

• Sending instruction to ALU(arithmetic and logic unit) if there are any calculation of arithmetic or logic comparison and also observe the job of arithmetic and logic unit.

• To keep of result of process to main memory

• Arithmetic And Logic Unit

Especial duty from ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) is to perform all calculation of arithmetic or mathematics that happened as according to instruct ALU to perform operate the arithmetic und accretion, operate for the arithmetic the other. of like reduction , multiplication, and other quantifying .ion program. So that electronic circuit in ALU used to execute the this operation arithmetic is referred as by adder. Other duty from ALU is to perform the decision from logic operation as according to instruction program the. Logic operation covering comparison of two logic element by using logic operator.

• Register

Register used to be depository of instruction and data which being processed by CPU, instruction and other data awaiting innings to be processed still be kept in main memory.